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Caucasian girl playing outside with bubbles, representing growing population with myopia, now a worldwide epidemic.

近視管理

應對大流行的臨床指導

什麼是近視？

近視1是一種慢性、進展性疾病, 其特徵是眼睛過度拉長、有導致威脅視力的相關併發症風險和負度數的屈光不正。
Caucasian girl playing outside with bubbles, representing growing population with myopia, now a worldwide epidemic.

近視是一種日益盛行的全球性疾病

  • 80 年代，首次出現了關於兒童近視患病率上升的報告2,3
  • 過去 20 年，東西方的近視人數幾乎增加了一倍
  • 年輕人的近視比例在許多亞洲地區高於 80%4，年輕人的近視比例在美國和歐洲部分地區為 50%5,6
  • 第一波於近視盛行期出生的兒童（1970 年後出生），現正於成年後, 面對著導致視力威脅的併發症

近視沒有安全線可言

  • 眼球長度過長容易產生病理性併發症，並且會有導致伴隨著威脅眼睛健康和視力的重大風險
  • 任何程度的近視都會增加視力威脅併發症的風險，有些併發症還會導致失明7,8
  • 近視度數每增加-1.00D，患上近視性黃斑病變 (MMD) 的風險便會增加 67%9

任何程度的近視都會增加出現威脅視力的併發症的風險。

CONTROLLING MYOPIA PROGRESSION image

Arrow pointing upwards over chart.

近視加深管理

  • 眼科專業人士現在有能夠緩減近視加深的管理方案，並能夠減緩近視加深
  • 增加戶外活動可以延緩近視的出現10並減緩其加深速度11
  • 幾種近視管理方案在兩至三年的治療過程中，有能夠減少眼軸增長 0.3 mm（約 0.75D）的效果12-15

在業務實踐中

新方法的好處

短期好處

  • 立即處理近視問題：為您的近視患者提供最新的治療選擇。這些治療方法已被證明可以減緩近視加深和矯正視力，而傳統的視力矯正無法減緩近視的加深
  • 在生活方式的好處：對於戴角膜矯視或軟性多焦隱形眼鏡管理近視的患者而言，在日間不需要戴眼鏡有明顯好處，包括提升運動表現和自信16,17。幾項研究表明，孩子們非常擅長戴隱形眼鏡18。如果他們掌握了配戴和除下隱形眼鏡的方法，會更喜歡戴隱形眼鏡19。

長期好處

  • 最重要的是減少威脅視力的併發症的風險：降低患者的眼球長度的增長和減緩近視的加深，可能會減少日後因近視性黃斑病變20、葡萄腫21、視網膜脫落22、青光眼23和白內障24等疾病而發生視力損害的風險25,26
  • 更好的手術效果：減少近視加深可以為日後帶來屈光效果和手術效果；例如，近視度數較低的患者更適合進行屈光手術或白內障手術27
  • 更好的視力：減緩近視加深有助於患者在未矯正度數時有更清晰的視力27。

Benfits of a new approach image

Black girl on swing smiling, representing benefits of treating myopia early.

Benfits of a new approach image

Black girl on swing smiling, representing benefits of treating myopia early.
新方法的好處

新方法的好處

短期好處

  • 立即處理近視問題：為您的近視患者提供最新的治療選擇。這些治療方法已被證明可以減緩近視加深和矯正視力，而傳統的視力矯正無法減緩近視的加深
  • 在生活方式的好處：對於戴角膜矯視或軟性多焦隱形眼鏡管理近視的患者而言，在日間不需要戴眼鏡有明顯好處，包括提升運動表現和自信16,17。幾項研究表明，孩子們非常擅長戴隱形眼鏡18。如果他們掌握了配戴和除下隱形眼鏡的方法，會更喜歡戴隱形眼鏡19。

長期好處

  • 最重要的是減少威脅視力的併發症的風險：降低患者的眼球長度的增長和減緩近視的加深，可能會減少日後因近視性黃斑病變20、葡萄腫21、視網膜脫落22、青光眼23和白內障24等疾病而發生視力損害的風險25,26
  • 更好的手術效果：減少近視加深可以為日後帶來屈光效果和手術效果；例如，近視度數較低的患者更適合進行屈光手術或白內障手術27
  • 更好的視力：減緩近視加深有助於患者在未矯正度數時有更清晰的視力27。

Benfits of a new approach image

Black girl on swing smiling, representing benefits of treating myopia early.

Benfits of a new approach image

Black girl on swing smiling, representing benefits of treating myopia early.

MYOPIA MANAGEMENT IN YOUR PRACTICE image

Asian boy wearing glasses, who may have myopia, carrying a backpack, as if he’s headed off to school.

您的近視管理業務

如需將近視管理納入您的業務，那麼需要稍微改變您的處理方法以及您與患者的溝通方式。
  • 準備您的業務。如需將近視管理整合到您的業務中，您可能需要採取多項措施。有關了解從何處開始，包括評估和購買所需的設備、了解所需的診症時間和招募員工的想法，請參閱本文。
  • 考慮所有患者。 為所有可會受益的兒童患者提供近視管理選項。不要等到近視進一步加深時才開始討論近視管理2。請參閱實用文章。
  • 提前指導。 在約下次診症之前，可將相關資訊通知患者的父母，並告訴他們近視是一種疾病以及延緩其加深的可能性。這將確保家長能夠稍微了解可行的治療選項。
  • 鼓勵家長提問。 優化您的溝通方式以幫助患者了解近視管理的好處。
  • 直接說明費用問題。 許多人一開始可能會認為近視控制療法的費用很高。因此，向家長清楚地說明其好處和價值非常重要。請參閱這篇關於內部建議的文章。

MYOPIA MANAGEMENT IN YOUR PRACTICE image

Asian boy wearing glasses, who may have myopia, carrying a backpack, as if he’s headed off to school.
您的近視管理業務

MYOPIA MANAGEMENT IN YOUR PRACTICE image

Asian boy wearing glasses, who may have myopia, carrying a backpack, as if he’s headed off to school.

您的近視管理業務

如需將近視管理納入您的業務，那麼需要稍微改變您的處理方法以及您與患者的溝通方式。
  • 準備您的業務。如需將近視管理整合到您的業務中，您可能需要採取多項措施。有關了解從何處開始，包括評估和購買所需的設備、了解所需的診症時間和招募員工的想法，請參閱本文。
  • 考慮所有患者。 為所有可會受益的兒童患者提供近視管理選項。不要等到近視進一步加深時才開始討論近視管理2。請參閱實用文章。
  • 提前指導。 在約下次診症之前，可將相關資訊通知患者的父母，並告訴他們近視是一種疾病以及延緩其加深的可能性。這將確保家長能夠稍微了解可行的治療選項。
  • 鼓勵家長提問。 優化您的溝通方式以幫助患者了解近視管理的好處。
  • 直接說明費用問題。 許多人一開始可能會認為近視控制療法的費用很高。因此，向家長清楚地說明其好處和價值非常重要。請參閱這篇關於內部建議的文章。

MYOPIA MANAGEMENT IN YOUR PRACTICE image

Asian boy wearing glasses, who may have myopia, carrying a backpack, as if he’s headed off to school.

宣傳近視管理

以下是開展有效的近視管理推廣活動的方法：
  • 讓員工參與： 共同議定一個簡單的宣傳口號，讓全體員工參與宣傳。
  • 尋求幫助和支援： 您的供應商可以為您提供宣傳材料、指導工具和最佳營運模式等。
  • 與每位家長溝通： 雖然我們現在了解與近視加深有關的風險因素，但無法明確預測兒童是否會成為近視患者。因此，讓家長了解未經治療的近視風險以及行之有效的治療方法至為重要。
  • 關注情感上的好處。 避免太快討論產品設計細節。

MARKETING MYOPIA MANAGEMENT image

Two Asian girls who may have myopia running on the beach, enjoying an active lifestyle without glasses because of treatment.

MARKETING MYOPIA MANAGEMENT image

Two Asian girls who may have myopia running on the beach, enjoying an active lifestyle without glasses because of treatment.
宣傳近視管理

宣傳近視管理

以下是開展有效的近視管理推廣活動的方法：
  • 讓員工參與： 共同議定一個簡單的宣傳口號，讓全體員工參與宣傳。
  • 尋求幫助和支援： 您的供應商可以為您提供宣傳材料、指導工具和最佳營運模式等。
  • 與每位家長溝通： 雖然我們現在了解與近視加深有關的風險因素，但無法明確預測兒童是否會成為近視患者。因此，讓家長了解未經治療的近視風險以及行之有效的治療方法至為重要。
  • 關注情感上的好處。 避免太快討論產品設計細節。

MARKETING MYOPIA MANAGEMENT image

Two Asian girls who may have myopia running on the beach, enjoying an active lifestyle without glasses because of treatment.

MARKETING MYOPIA MANAGEMENT image

Two Asian girls who may have myopia running on the beach, enjoying an active lifestyle without glasses because of treatment.

參考文獻

This website addresses primary myopia rather than the secondary myopias, such as syndromic or cataract-related myopia, as defined in the IMI report.
1. Flitcroft DI et al. IMI–Defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2019;60:M20-30.
2. Lin LL et al. Nationwide survey of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan, 1986. Acta Ophthalmologica. 1988;66(S185):29-33.
3. Eong KA et al. Race, culture and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males. Singapore Med J. 1993 Feb 1;34(1):29-32.
4. Ding, Bo-Yuan, et al. "Myopia among schoolchildren in East Asia and Singapore." Survey of ophthalmology 62.5 (2017): 677-697.
5. Vitale S et al. Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126:1111-9.
6. Williams K et al. Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the impact of education. Ophthalmology. 2015 Jul 1;122(7):1489-97.
7. Perkins ES. Morbidity from Myopia. Sight Sav Rev 1979;49:11-9.
8. Flitcroft DI. The Complex Interactions of Retinal, Optical and Environmental Factors in Myopia Aetiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012;31:622-60.
9. Bullimore MA, Brennan NA. Myopia Control: Why Each Diopter Matters. Optom Vis Sci 2019;96:463-5.
10. He M et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:1142-8.
11. Wu PC et al. Myopia prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster randomized trial. Ophthalmol. 2018;125:1239-50.
12. Chamberlain, Paul, et al. "A 3-year randomized clinical trial of MiSight lenses for myopia control." Optometry and Vision Science 96.8 (2019): 556-567.
13. Lam, Carly Siu Yin, et al. "Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104.3 (2020): 363-368.
14. Chua, Wei-Han, et al. "Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia." Ophthalmology 113.12 (2006): 2285-2291.
15. Chen, Connie, Sin Wan Cheung, and Pauline Cho. "Myopia control using toric orthokeratology (TO-SEE study)." Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 54.10 (2013): 6510-6517.
16. Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto, et al. Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain: a comparison of vision-related quality-of-life measures between orthokeratology contact lenses and single-vision spectacles. Eye & Contact Lens 39.2 (2013): 153-157.
17. Pomeda, Alicia Ruiz, et al. “MiSight Assessment Study Spain: a comparison of vision-related quality of life measures between MiSight contact lenses and single-vision spectacles.” Eye & contact lens 44 (2018): S99-S104.
18. Walline, Jeffrey J et al. Contact Lenses in Pediatrics (CLIP) Study: chair time and ocular health. Optometry and Vision Science 84.9 (2007): 896-902.
19. Walline JJ, Gaume A, Jones LA, Rah MJ, Manny RE, Berntsen DA, Chitkara M, Kim A, Quinn N. Benefits of contact lens wear for children and teens. Eye Contact Lens 2007;33:317–21.
20. Ohno-Matsui K et al. Updates of Pathologic Myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016;52:156-87.
21. Ohno-Matsui K, Jonas JB. Posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019;70:99-109.
22. Mitry D et al. The Epidemiology of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Geographical Variation and Clinical Associations. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:678-84.
23. Marcus MW et al. Myopia as a Risk Factor for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmol 2011;118:1989-94.
24. Pan CW et al. Myopia and Age-Related Cataract: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 156.5 (2013): 1021-1033.
25. Tideman JW, Snabel MC, Tedja MS et al. Association of Axial Length With Risk of Uncorrectable Visual Impairment for Europeans With Myopia. JAMA. Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1355-1363 14.
26. Haarman AEG, Enthoven CA, Tideman JWL, et al. The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020 Apr 9;61(4):49.
27. Bullimore, Mark A., and Noel A. Brennan. "Myopia control: why each diopter matters." Optometry and Vision Science 96.6 (2019): 463-465.

HKM20230630_002
參考文獻

參考文獻

This website addresses primary myopia rather than the secondary myopias, such as syndromic or cataract-related myopia, as defined in the IMI report.
1. Flitcroft DI et al. IMI–Defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2019;60:M20-30.
2. Lin LL et al. Nationwide survey of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan, 1986. Acta Ophthalmologica. 1988;66(S185):29-33.
3. Eong KA et al. Race, culture and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males. Singapore Med J. 1993 Feb 1;34(1):29-32.
4. Ding, Bo-Yuan, et al. "Myopia among schoolchildren in East Asia and Singapore." Survey of ophthalmology 62.5 (2017): 677-697.
5. Vitale S et al. Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126:1111-9.
6. Williams K et al. Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the impact of education. Ophthalmology. 2015 Jul 1;122(7):1489-97.
7. Perkins ES. Morbidity from Myopia. Sight Sav Rev 1979;49:11-9.
8. Flitcroft DI. The Complex Interactions of Retinal, Optical and Environmental Factors in Myopia Aetiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012;31:622-60.
9. Bullimore MA, Brennan NA. Myopia Control: Why Each Diopter Matters. Optom Vis Sci 2019;96:463-5.
10. He M et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:1142-8.
11. Wu PC et al. Myopia prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster randomized trial. Ophthalmol. 2018;125:1239-50.
12. Chamberlain, Paul, et al. "A 3-year randomized clinical trial of MiSight lenses for myopia control." Optometry and Vision Science 96.8 (2019): 556-567.
13. Lam, Carly Siu Yin, et al. "Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104.3 (2020): 363-368.
14. Chua, Wei-Han, et al. "Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia." Ophthalmology 113.12 (2006): 2285-2291.
15. Chen, Connie, Sin Wan Cheung, and Pauline Cho. "Myopia control using toric orthokeratology (TO-SEE study)." Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 54.10 (2013): 6510-6517.
16. Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto, et al. Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain: a comparison of vision-related quality-of-life measures between orthokeratology contact lenses and single-vision spectacles. Eye & Contact Lens 39.2 (2013): 153-157.
17. Pomeda, Alicia Ruiz, et al. “MiSight Assessment Study Spain: a comparison of vision-related quality of life measures between MiSight contact lenses and single-vision spectacles.” Eye & contact lens 44 (2018): S99-S104.
18. Walline, Jeffrey J et al. Contact Lenses in Pediatrics (CLIP) Study: chair time and ocular health. Optometry and Vision Science 84.9 (2007): 896-902.
19. Walline JJ, Gaume A, Jones LA, Rah MJ, Manny RE, Berntsen DA, Chitkara M, Kim A, Quinn N. Benefits of contact lens wear for children and teens. Eye Contact Lens 2007;33:317–21.
20. Ohno-Matsui K et al. Updates of Pathologic Myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016;52:156-87.
21. Ohno-Matsui K, Jonas JB. Posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019;70:99-109.
22. Mitry D et al. The Epidemiology of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Geographical Variation and Clinical Associations. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:678-84.
23. Marcus MW et al. Myopia as a Risk Factor for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmol 2011;118:1989-94.
24. Pan CW et al. Myopia and Age-Related Cataract: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 156.5 (2013): 1021-1033.
25. Tideman JW, Snabel MC, Tedja MS et al. Association of Axial Length With Risk of Uncorrectable Visual Impairment for Europeans With Myopia. JAMA. Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1355-1363 14.
26. Haarman AEG, Enthoven CA, Tideman JWL, et al. The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020 Apr 9;61(4):49.
27. Bullimore, Mark A., and Noel A. Brennan. "Myopia control: why each diopter matters." Optometry and Vision Science 96.6 (2019): 463-465.

HKM20230630_002